Hardy-Weinberg Principle
The principle is named after G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg, who first demonstrated it mathematically.
H-W equation: p²+2pq+q²= 1
1.very large population size (no genetic drift)
2.no migration (no gene flow in or out)
3.No net mutations (no genetic change)
4.random mating (no sexual selection)
5.no natural selection (everyone is equally fit)
- assume 2 alleles: Frequency of dominant allele (B)=p frequency of recessive allele (b) =q
- frequencies must add to 1 (100%), so:p+q= 1
- The origin of genetic variation is mutation -- any change in nucleotide sequences.
- H-W equilibrium: Hypothetical, non-evolving population → rare in real world Serves as a model (null hypothesis)
1.very large population size (no genetic drift)
2.no migration (no gene flow in or out)
3.No net mutations (no genetic change)
4.random mating (no sexual selection)
5.no natural selection (everyone is equally fit)
